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USMLE – Growth Hormone (Somoatotroph Cell) Adenomas
GH-secreting tumors are the second most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma. These tumors, similar to other pituitary adenomas, arise from a monoclonal expansion of a single cell that has...
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USMLE – Corticotroph Cell Adenomas
Corticotroph adenomas are usually small micro adenomas at the time of diagnosis. These tumors are basophilic or chromophobic and stain positively with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains because of the...
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USMLE – Other Anterior Pituitary Adenomas
Pituitary adenomas may elaborate more than one hormone. Somatotroph adenomas commonly contain immunoreactive prolactin. In some tumors, designated mixed adenomas, more than one cell population is...
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USMLE – Hypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism refers to decreased secretion of pituitary hormones, which can result from diseases of the hypothalamus or of the pituitary. Hypofunction of the anterior pituitary occurs when...
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USMLE – Posterior Pituitary Syndromes
The posterior pituitary is composed of modified glial cells (designated pituicytes) and axonal processes extending from nerve cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the...
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Hypothalamic Suprasellar Tumors
Neoplasms in this location may induce hypofunction or hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary, diabetes insipidus, or combinations of these manifestations. The most commonly implicated lesions are...
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USMLE – Normal Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is unique among the organs of the endocrine system because of its size and superficial location. It consists of two bulky lateral lobes connected by a relatively thin isthmus, usually...
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USMLE – Hyperthyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of free T3 and T4. It is often referred to as hyperthyroidism because it is caused most commonly by hyperfunction of the thyroid...
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USMLE – Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is caused by any structural or functional derangement that interferes with the production of adequate levels of thyroid hormone. It can result from a defect anywhere in the cisco 640-816...
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Custom Baseball Hats,cheap air max There are a lot of special occasions that we celebrate. These occasions most of the time requires us to wear a hat. Mass produced types of hat are in demand right...
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